Moving to the UK from the USA: A complete guide to starting a new life abroad

Dreaming of lush landscapes, cultural cities, and a new adventure across the pond? Every year, thousands of Americans move to the UK for job opportunities, study, or simply a change of scenery. This comprehensive guide covers everything you need to know about relocating to the UK from the USA – from visa options and healthcare to finding housing and adapting to British culture.

Why move to the UK?

The United Kingdom offers Americans a unique blend of familiar and new experiences. While the common language makes it easier than immigrating to non-English-speaking countries, British culture has its own distinct character.

The UK boasts world-class educational institutions, from prestigious universities like Oxford and Cambridge to excellent primary and secondary schools. The renowned National Health Service (NHS) provides comprehensive healthcare coverage to residents, eliminating the worry of expensive medical bills (unlike the US system).

With lucrative opportunities in finance, technology, healthcare, and education, major cities like London, Manchester, and Edinburgh serve as global business hubs with diverse employment options.

Another bonus is its prime position as a gateway to Europe. Living in the United Kingdom unlocks easy weekend trips to huge cultural cities like Paris, Barcelona, or Rome with convenient flights and consistently affordable prices.

Moving to the UK from the USA checklist

Before immigrating to the UK from the US, be sure you've covered all the essentials:

1. research and apply for the appropriate visa
2. secure health insurance or register for NHS access
3. arrange temporary or permanent housing
4. open a UK bank account
5. plan for moving your belongings (shipping, storage, etc.)
6. organize necessary documents (birth certificates, marriage certificates, academic records)
7. understand your tax obligations both in the UK and the US
8. research healthcare providers and register with a local GP
9. secure employment or confirm your job transfer
10. investigate schools if relocating with children
11. prepare for cultural differences and lifestyle changes

Legal requirements and visa options

Moving abroad is an exciting prospect, but it does involve a bunch of visa requirements. When moving to the UK for work, study, or to join your family, understanding the visa landscape in advance is priceless.

Skilled Worker visa

If you're moving to the UK for employment, the Skilled Worker visa is your gateway. Here's what you need to know.

The journey: Secure a job offer from a UK employer who is an approved sponsor. They'll provide you with a Certificate of Sponsorship (CoS), which is like your golden ticket to the UK. Your salary must meet the minimum threshold, typically £26,200, or the going rate for your profession, whichever is higher. And don't forget to prove your English proficiency.

Application process and timelines: The process involves securing that job offer, obtaining the CoS, and then applying for the visa. If you're already in the UK, expect a wait of 6–8 weeks for approval. From outside the UK, it's about three weeks.

Key documents:

• valid passport
• the CoS reference number
• job offer details
• proof of English proficiency
• financial evidence
• TB test results (if applicable)

Tips for a smooth experience: Ensure your employer has a valid sponsor license. Prepare all documents meticulously, as incomplete applications can lead to delays. 

Family visa

If you’re immigrating to the UK from the US to join a spouse, partner, or family member who is a British citizen or settled in the UK.

The journey: Prove your relationship with marriage certificates, civil partnership certificates, or evidence of cohabitation for unmarried partners. Financial support is also key, showing you can support yourself and any dependents.

Application process and timelines: Submit detailed forms online, provide biometric information, and gather supporting documents. Decisions are generally made within 24 weeks, with expedited options available.

Key documents:

• current passport
• proof of relationship
• financial evidence
• accommodation details
• TB test results (if applicable)

Tips for a smooth experience: Ensure all documents are in English or Welsh, or provide certified translations. Plan your move carefully, considering the 30 or 90-day validity of the vignette for entry into the UK.

Student visa

For those pursuing education in the UK.

The journey: You'll need an acceptance letter from a licensed education provider, proof of sufficient funds to support yourself, and evidence of English proficiency.

Application process and timelines: Obtain a Confirmation of Acceptance for Studies (CAS), prove financial capability, and submit the application. Decisions are usually made within three weeks.

Key documents:

• current passport
• CAS
• financial evidence
• ATAS certificate (if required)
• TB test results

Other options

• Global Talent visa
• Innovator Founder visa
• High Potential Individual (HPI) visa

Pro tip: Start the visa application process at least 3–6 months before your planned move to the UK to avoid delays. Each visa type has its nuances, so understanding the specific requirements and timelines can significantly ease your transition to life in the UK.

Cost of living

When moving to the UK, understanding the cost of living is essential for financial planning. While costs vary significantly by region, here's a general comparison:

Housing costs

London ranks among the world's most expensive cities, with average one-bedroom apartment rentals in central areas exceeding £1,800 ($2,300) monthly. However, cities like Manchester, Birmingham, or Glasgow offer more affordable options, with similar accommodations around £700–900 ($900–1,150) monthly.

Daily expenses

• Groceries: Comparable to US prices, though some items may be more expensive
• Utilities: Average monthly costs of £150–200 ($190–255) for a typical apartment
• Public transport: Monthly passes range from £65 ($85) in smaller cities to £150 ($190) in London
• Dining out: A meal at a mid-range restaurant costs approximately £15–25 ($19–32) per person

Healthcare and education expenses

Immigrants in the UK must consider healthcare and education costs as part of their financial planning. The Immigration Health Surcharge (IHS) is a mandatory fee for most visa applicants, costing £1,035 per year for adults and £776 for children, students, and Youth Mobility Scheme visa holders. This fee allows access to NHS services, although some treatments, like dental and eye care, may still incur charges. 

Education expenses vary significantly based on immigration status. Home students pay tuition fees capped at £9,250 per year for undergraduate courses, while international students face fees ranging from £10,000 to over £38,000 annually. Home students also have access to government student loans, grants, and scholarships, which are not available to international students.

Regional differences

The north-south divide is significant in the United Kingdom. Northern cities and rural areas generally offer a lower cost of living, while London and the southeast command premium prices. When calculating your budget, consider these regional variations carefully.

Finding a place to live

Finding suitable accommodation is a main priority when moving from the US to the UK. Here's how to navigate the British housing market:

Renting vs. buying

Most newcomers begin by renting, which offers flexibility while you explore different areas. The UK rental market operates similarly to the US, though tenancy agreements (leases) typically run for 12 months with six-month break clauses. To rent, you'll need:

• proof of identity and immigration status
• employment details and income verification
• references from previous landlords
• deposit (usually 5–6 weeks' rent)

Buying property as a US citizen is possible, though mortgage options may be limited until you establish a UK credit history. Non-residents face additional stamp duty (property tax) charges of 2% on top of standard rates.

Best cities/towns for American expats

• London: The cosmopolitan capital offers abundant professional opportunities and international communities, but comes with the highest living costs.
• Manchester: With a thriving tech scene and more affordable housing, this northern city appeals to young professionals.
• Edinburgh: Scotland's capital, combines historic charm with modern amenities and an excellent quality of life.
• Bristol: This southwestern hub offers a vibrant cultural scene and beautiful surroundings.
• Oxford and Cambridge: These university towns provide intellectual stimulation and picturesque settings.

Here are some popular property websites to check before your move to the UK:

• Rightmove
• Zoopla
• SpareRoom (for house shares)
• Openrent (for direct rentals from landlords)

Working with estate agents (realtors) is common, though they represent landlords rather than tenants. Virtual viewings are typically available for those still in the US.

Employment in the UK

Securing employment is often a prerequisite for moving to the UK, but understanding the British work environment will help your integration.

Job search strategies

• UK-specific job sites like Reed, Indeed UK, and CV-Library
• LinkedIn and industry-specific platforms
• recruitment agencies specializing in your field
• networking events and professional organizations

Which job sectors are in demand?

The UK job market offers diverse opportunities for Americans crossing the pond. Several sectors are particularly welcoming to international talent.

 

• Technology and digital: With thriving tech hubs in London, Manchester, and Edinburgh, roles in software development, cybersecurity, AI, and data science are abundant.
• Financial services: The UK remains a global financial center, with opportunities in banking, fintech, insurance, and wealth management, especially in London and regional centers like Leeds and Edinburgh.
• Healthcare: The NHS and private healthcare providers regularly recruit medical professionals, specialists, and administrative staff. Recognition of US qualifications may require additional certification.
• Education: Universities, international schools, and language centers frequently seek qualified American educators, particularly for higher education roles.
• Creative industries: The UK's robust creative sector embraces talent in advertising, film production, digital media, and design.
• Green energy: With the UK's commitment to sustainability, renewable energy specialists are increasingly sought after.
• Engineering: Civil, mechanical, and electrical engineers find opportunities in infrastructure projects and manufacturing.

Before applying, check out this handy Shortage Occupation List, which gives you an idea of the market demand for your skills.

Work culture differences

British workplace culture may differ from American norms in several ways:

• more emphasis on work-life balance with longer vacation allowances
• less direct communication styles and more subtle feedback
• greater formality in some professional settings
• tea breaks as a workplace ritual
• different terminology (e.g., "holiday" instead of "vacation")

The standard work week is typically 37–40 hours, with a minimum of 28 days of paid holiday (including public holidays) for full-time employees.

Healthcare and insurance

Access to healthcare is a major advantage when moving to the UK from US. The NHS offers universal healthcare to UK residents, funded through taxes and National Insurance contributions. Services include:

• primary care through general practitioners (GPs)
• hospital care and emergency services
• maternity services
• mental health services
• prescription medications (subject to a standard charge in England; free in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland)

To access NHS care, you must register with a local GP practice. Bring your passport, visa, and proof of address to complete registration.

How to register with a GP

• Find a local GP practice: Use the NHS “Find services” directory or contact the GP Registration Officer for assistance.
• Complete the registration form: You can download, fill out, and email the form to the practice. No signature is required.
• Provide details: Include your name, address, date of birth, NHS number (if known), and previous GP practice details. Identification and proof of address are mandatory.
• Confirmation: The practice will notify you of successful registration via telephone or email. If you’re staying less than three months, you can still receive treatment as a Temporary Resident.

Private insurance options

Some Americans opt for supplementary private health insurance, which offers:

• shorter waiting times for non-emergency procedures
• access to private facilities
• greater choice of specialists
• more comprehensive coverage for certain treatments

Popular providers include Bupa, AXA, and Vitality. Costs vary based on age, medical history, and coverage level.

NOTE! Most visa applicants must pay the Immigration Health Surcharge (IHS) as part of their application, which grants access to NHS services. The fee is currently £1,035 per year for adults and £776 for students and those under 18.

Education for families

If you're relocating with children, understanding the UK education system is essential. The United Kingdom offers:

• state schools (free, government-funded)
• independent/private schools (fee-paying)
• international schools (following international curricula)

The academic year typically runs from September to July, with children starting school at age 4–5 in reception class.

State vs. private schools

State schools provide quality education at no cost but vary in performance. Many expatriates who move to the UK choose schools based on Ofsted ratings (the government inspection body) or school league tables.

Private schools (called "public schools" in a confusing British twist) charge tuition fees ranging from £10,000 to £45,000 annually and often provide smaller class sizes and more extensive facilities.

University options and international schools

For families moving from the US to the UK, university options are diverse, with institutions like the University of Cambridge, the University of Oxford, and the University College London (UCL) being top choices for international students. These universities offer a global perspective. UCL, for example, has a significant international student population and is ranked ninth globally. 

International schools in the UK, such as ACS Cobham International School and the International School of London, provide curricula like the International Baccalaureate (IB), which is recognized worldwide. These schools cater to expat families, offering a familiar educational environment and facilitating smooth transitions for students.

School admissions process

For state schools, applications go through the local education authority (LEA) in your area. Popular schools may have catchment areas, making proximity to the school important.

Private schools have independent admissions processes, often including entrance exams, interviews, and application fees.

For mid-year transfers from the US education system, prepare academic records, recommendation letters, and standardized test scores to help with placement.

Adapting to British Life

Cultural adaptation is a significant aspect of moving to England from the US. Despite sharing a language, British English has numerous differences:

• vocabulary variations (e.g., "flat" instead of "apartment")
• different spelling conventions (e.g., "colour" instead of "color")
• regional accents that may initially be challenging
• more indirect communication styles and heavy use of understatement

Setting up essentials

Upon arrival, prioritize:

1. Banking: Major banks include Barclays, HSBC, Lloyds, and NatWest. Online banks like Monzo and Starling offer an easier setup for newcomers.
2. Mobile phone: UK providers include EE, O2, Vodafone, and Three. Pay-as-you-go options are available without a credit history.
3. Utilities: Set up electricity, gas, water, and internet services. Comparison sites like Uswitch help find the best deals.
4. Council tax: Register and set up payments for this local property tax.

Driving in the UK with a US license

US citizens can drive on their US license for up to 12 months after arrival. Beyond that, you'll need to exchange it for a UK license, which may require taking a driving test.

Remember that the UK drives on the left side of the road, uses manual transmission vehicles predominantly, and measures distance in miles but fuel in liters (although miles per gallon or MPG is still a commonly used metric for fuel efficiency).

UK taxes for Americans

You’ll have tax obligations to both countries when relocating to the UK from the USA.

UK tax system

The United Kingdom operates through HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) with:

• income tax rates ranging from 20% to 45%
• National Insurance contributions for healthcare and benefits
• council tax for local services
• value-added tax (VAT) of 20% on most goods and services

The UK tax year runs from April 6 to April 5 the following year, (different from the US).

US tax obligations abroad

As a US citizen, you maintain tax filing obligations regardless of where you live. However, mechanisms exist to prevent double taxation:

• Foreign Earned Income Exclusion (FEIE) allows the exclusion of up to $120,000 (2024 figure) of foreign earnings.
• Foreign Tax Credit (FTC) provides credit for taxes paid to the UK.
• The US-UK tax treaty offers additional protections.

NOTE! US citizens must file an FBAR (Foreign Bank Account Report) if their foreign accounts total over $10,000 at any point during the year.

Taxes for Expats can help you meet all requirements for tax compliance in the UK and the US. With years of experience assisting Americans abroad, we can help minimize your tax burden while ensuring full compliance.

Conclusion

Once you know how to move to the UK from the US, you can focus on the experience. The immigration process requires planning and preparation, but the rewards of living in the United Kingdom – from its history, culture, excellent healthcare, and education systems – make it worthwhile.

Adapting takes time, so follow this guide, seek professional tax assistance, and your transition to the UK can be as smooth and enjoyable as your first “proper” cup of tea.